RNG: What are Random Numbers Generators in iGaming, how do they work and ensure fairness?

In the iGaming universe, fairness is essential. If players don’t feel confident that games offer equitable chances of winning and are not skewed by algorithms or manipulation, they won’t engage and will look for another way to have fun. This is why Random Number Generators (RNG) are so important for online casinos.

In this article, inplaySoft will explain what RNG is, how it works and how it ensures fairness in different types of casino games, such as slot machines, table games and poker.

What is a RNG?

RNG produces sequences of numbers with no predictable pattern. It consists of an algorithm that ensures that each new number of the sequence has no relation to the previous or future numbers. RNGs are essential to many digital systems and iGaming platforms use them to obtain fair, unbiased and unpredictable game results.

Outcomes that are statistically random means that every spin of a slot machine or every hand of blackjack is independent, which gives all participants an equal opportunity to win based on chance.

How Does a RNG Work?

There are two main types of RNGs: True Random Number Generators (TRNGs) and Pseudo-Random Number Generators (PRNGs). 

True Random Number Generators (TRNGs)

A TRNG generates random numbers by measuring unpredictable physical processes. They can, for example, use random phenomena like radioactive decay, thermal noise or atmospheric noise. TRNGs are incredibly secure and unbiased, but are rarely used in iGaming due to their complexity, cost and the need for specialized hardware.

Pseudo-Random Number Generators (PRNGs)

PRNGs, on the other hand, are more commonly used in iGaming. They rely on deterministic algorithms and an initial seed value, which is often derived from a real-world, unpredictable source. After establishing the seed, the algorithm can generate a sequence of numbers that appear random. But since the sequence depends on the seed, it is technically predictable if one knows what the seed is.

For all practical purposes, however, modern PRNGs produce sequences of numbers that are indistinguishable from truly random numbers.

RNG in iGaming

Online casinos use RNGs to simulate the randomness of physical events, such as the spin of a roulette wheel or the draw of cards in blackjack. Some examples of RNG in iGaming are: 

RNG in Slot Machines

Online casinos use RNGs, for instance, to determine the outcome of every spin of slot machines. When a player presses the “spin” button, the RNG generates a random number, which determines the position of the reels and, ultimately, the combination of symbols that appear. This ensures that every spin is independent and fair, and means the player’s chances of winning are not affected by previous or future spins.

RNG in Table Games

Table games, such as blackjack, roulette, baccarat, and poker, use RNGs to determine the outcome of each card dealt or each spin of the wheel. In an online blackjack game, for example, a RNG is responsible for shuffling the virtual deck of cards and dealing them to the players and to the dealer. In online roulette, the RNG determines where the ball lands after the virtual wheel is spun.

RNG in Poker

In online poker, RNGs ensure that the cards dealt to each player are random, which provides a level playing field where no one has an advantage based on previous hands. The algorithm ensures that there is no predictability in the card sequence, preventing collusion or cheating.

What’s the Importance of RNG in iGaming?

Some of the key reasons RNGs are indispensable in iGaming include:

• Fairness and Transparency: RNGs ensure that every player, regardless of their experience, has an equal chance of winning. The randomness of outcomes eliminates any potential bias or manipulation and is crucial for maintaining trust between operators and players.
• Regulatory Compliance: Regulatory authorities, such as the UK Gambling Commission, Malta Gaming Authority and others, require that online casinos and gaming platforms use RNG technology to guarantee fair play. They often require independent audits of RNGs to verify that iGaming platforms operate according to industry standards.
• Security: RNG algorithms ensure that game outcomes are unpredictable and that no one can influence or predict the results. This prevents cheating, fraud, and exploitation of the system by players or insiders.
• Player Trust: RNG technology helps players trust that their chances of winning are not being unfairly altered. Whether they are playing slot machines or participating in a poker tournament, knowing that the outcome is governed by a reliable RNG assures them that the game is fair.

RNG Audits and Certification

iGaming operators often submit their RNG systems to independent third-party auditors to maintain credibility and adhere to regulatory standards. These auditors test the RNG algorithms to ensure that they meet established fairness and randomness standards. Some of the leading testing labs in the industry include:

• eCOGRA (eCommerce and Online Gaming Regulation and Assurance)
• GLI (Gaming Laboratories International)
• iTech Labs
• BMM Testlabs

These organizations run a series of tests to verify that the RNG operates correctly and does not favor one outcome over another. After passing these tests, RNGs are certified as fair and compliant with industry standards.

Final thoughts

RNGs are an indispensable tool in today’s iGaming industry, as they ensure that online casinos and gaming platforms offer fair, transparent and secure gameplay. They not only guarantee that outcomes are based purely on chance, but also ensure that gaming platforms remain compliant with regulations and maintain their reputations.

As the iGaming industry continues to grow and evolve, RNG technology is probably going to remain a cornerstone of fair and transparent gaming, helping to build trust and confidence in the digital gambling world.